- the calculus
Англо-русский толковый словарь по геоинформатике. В.Ю. Андрианов. 2015.
the calculus
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The Calculus Affair — (L Affaire Tournesol) Cover of the English edition Publisher Casterman … Wikipedia
The Calculus of Consent — The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy is a book written by economists James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock in 1962. It is considered to be one of the classic works that founded the discipline of public choice in … Wikipedia
Direct method in the calculus of variations — In the calculus of variations, a topic in mathematics, the direct method is a general method for constructing a proof of the existence of a minimizer for a given functional,[1] introduced by Zaremba and David Hilbert around 1900. The method… … Wikipedia
Calculus (disambiguation) — Calculus is Latin for pebble, and has a number of meanings in English: In mathematics and computer science Calculus , in its most general sense, is any method or system of calculation. To modern theoreticians the answer to the question what is a… … Wikipedia
Calculus of variations — is a field of mathematics that deals with extremizing functionals, as opposed to ordinary calculus which deals with functions. A functional is usually a mapping from a set of functions to the real numbers. Functionals are often formed as definite … Wikipedia
Calculus of constructions — The calculus of constructions (CoC) is a higher order typed lambda calculus, initially developed by Thierry Coquand, where types are first class values. It is thus possible, within the CoC, to define functions from, say, integers to types, types… … Wikipedia
Calculus ratiocinator — The Calculus Ratiocinator is a theoretical universal logical calculation framework, a concept described in the writings of Gottfried Leibniz, usually paired with his more frequently mentioned characteristica universalis , a universal conceptual… … Wikipedia
Calculus of communicating systems — The Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) is a process calculus introduced by Robin Milner in around 1980. Its actions model indivisible communications between exactly two participants. The formal language includes primitives for describing… … Wikipedia
Calculus of predispositions — is a basic part of Predispositioning Theory and belongs to the indeterministic procedures. “The key component of any indeterministic procedure is the evaluation of a position. Since it is impossible to devise a deterministic chain linking the… … Wikipedia
calculus of variations — the branch of mathematics that deals with the problem of finding a curve or surface that maximizes or minimizes a given expression, usually with several restrictions placed on the desired curve. [1830 40] * * * ▪ mathematics branch of… … Universalium
Calculus of structures — The calculus of structures is a proof calculus with deep inference for studying the structural proof theory of noncommutative logic. The calculus has since been applied to study linear logic, classical logic, modal logic, and process calculi, and … Wikipedia
